Contemporary online teaching cases
An Interview with Simon Lewis
(“Inter” refers to the interviewer, “Lewis” refers to Simon Lewis)
Inter: Simon, I am interested in the goals of the forensic science course and how you define the purpose of it. I wonder whether you might be able to give us some background of the course overall in that respect.
Lewis: Alright the course itself is designed specifically to produce Honours graduate scientists who have potential to be employed specifically in the forensic science field but that's looking at forensic science in the broader sense the course itself has been designed with the cooperation of the local forensic science provider the Victorian Police Forensic Services Centre and therefore does have a focus on criminal forensic science however it is wider than that and could and will encompass things like environmental forensics and is designed really to produce good scientists so people doing the degree and finishing the degree would have the skill set and resources to go on into scientific careers in other areas not necessarily forensic but areas where there is a significant amount of analysis so things like pharmaceutical industry, food and beverage industry and so on.
Inter: Beyond the purposes Simon, how do you see effective teaching and learning in the course, what's you sort of personal teaching philosophy in regard to enabling quality learning in forensic science?
Lewis: Well, the key to the course is it is underpinned by fundamental science that's absolutely essential the students have to have a fundamental understanding of the science however being able to teach that science within an interesting and relevant context which forensic science allows us to do. This enables us to really engage the students in the subject matter and see its relevance and that means that at some point you are going to have to teach stuff that is going to be really quite dry, very dry but having the example of forensic science to refer to enables even the driest of the science to be taught in an interesting way. I think that helps.
Inter: And I notice there's a law dimension to the program and you're very committed to the idea of the forms of experiential learning and taking the students out into the field, doing applied type work and assessing that would you like to explain some of those sorts of specific teaching strategies you pursue.
Lewis: Well obviously there is the fundamental science part of the course but there are other areas of the course which we've loosely termed professional now these include things like the legal parts of the course where students would be involved in things like moot court situations being able to explain the science to a non scientific audience, being able to deal with being questioned there's also those other aspects of as I said experiential learning where particularly with research projects with Honours' projects with research units for credit where the students gain an experience working as part of a research team a research team for example has multiple levels of skills and experience within it being able to see the things which they are taught in class and maybe quite separate units being applied together in within one research project one of the issues about any kind of course we split it up into units purely to be able to teach it from an administrative point of view but and sometimes that compartmentalisation can lead to a student thinking in terms of compartments when of course they shouldn't be they should be thinking across compartments and in these elements of the course we try to reinforce that to make them think outside the unit structure. It also again is yet another way of engaging the student in the material if they have a block of material in say a fundamental course and you talk about for example sampling a reasonably dry sort of subject but then as you know I have a research project looking at decomposition chemistry looking at what happens to a corpse when it decomposes of course this is important from the point of view in trying to establish the time since death that sort of research sampling is fundamental to how you can interpret the data it's not a dry sterile thing it's mucky it's going to be very smelly this hopefully will reinforce to the student just how difficult to take a representative sample really will be very difficult to do unless you do it actually practically. We do soil analysis for explosive residues in first year in a laboratory exercise and we send the students out and say right go and get a soil sample and so they go and get a soil sample and if it's been a particularly wet and muddy day that soil sample the way that they're meant to treat it does become very difficult to deal with and the students first response is oh well there's something wrong with the practical I can't it won't filter properly you say well no there's nothing wrong with the practical exercise that's real life it's a difficult sample to deal with and they need to understand that as scientists
Inter: The course is taught on campus at a particular campus but clearly there's a fair work component, an applied component but you've also been involved in a range of things in regard to developing digital media and online environments to support the promotion of forensic science and the teaching and learning of it as well. I'm sort of interested in the things you've done you know starting with for example developing the forensic science at Deakin website and within it the chemical detective forensic science website. How did you get involved in those developments and what was the driver for it, Simon?
Lewis: Oh well this goes back to 1999 it was right at the beginning of the forensic science programme at Deakin and at that time we'd been interested in developing science outreach programs to reach out to students generally at the year 10 level at high school to encourage them into thinking about science as a potential area of study both at high school and beyond as people know there's been a real problem with science education and people going on into science education at university over the last few years the numbers have been dropping and again it's part of this trying to show it in context. Forensic science was obviously a terrific vehicle for that the interest forensic science raises amongst high school students amongst the general public as a whole is a lot higher than the interest that is shown in the fundamental disciplines that underpin it, biology and chemistry and we developed a on campus workshop for students at high school to visit and interact with staff and research students to do some simple experiments to experience a real laboratory which they may not have access to within their schools doing a series of activities around a common theme forensic science in this case. Now the whole thing was aimed at both the local school students in the Geelong area but also to the rural and regional areas. It's sometimes forgotten that those students have significant disadvantages when it comes to accessing tertiary institutions. In the metropolitan region high schools have great access to all sorts of activities, for rural students the tyranny of distance really gets in the way. Now because of that we had to recognise that not all students are to be able to come from these schools and we wanted to enable other students within those schools to have access to some of the information and the materials and so this led to the development of a website. It was also clear to me that looking at that time 1999 there weren't a huge number of forensic websites around that dealt with the fundamental underlying science as well in an understandable way and so that was what caused the development of the website. I have to say that this whole program was developed with funding from the State government under the Science in Schools strategy which finished a year or so ago although the website and workshop still lives on and the whole idea was to try and reach out to rural and regional areas so for example that's one of the reasons the website itself is content driven rather than bells and whistles driven it is straightforward text based with a few diagrams primarily because I can't write anything more fancy than that when it comes to web pages but also because these students didn't necessarily have broadband access it also meant the development of a CD was relatively straightforward another key thing is that these materials were developed so that they go side by side with the Curriculum Standards Framework for Victorian schools so that school teachers could use it directly in their classes in fact we also ran professional development modules for the school teachers so they could use the materials within their teaching and that was important to us as well to make certain that the materials were relevant to the teachers and to give support to the teachers because one of the issues is that the number of teachers, the amount of work that they have to do to keep up with just to do their teaching as apposed to enriching their teaching and looking for new ways to encourage their students they're really up against it.
Inter: You've used a lot of the features of Deakin Studies Online and by that I mean WebCT Vista in supporting learning in the forensic science course at the University. Ah, probably more intriguing is your long journey in regard to trying to establish a virtual international exchange and I guess concluding that with trying to create a certain type of learning material digital learning material a certain way. I wonder whether you might explain how you came to the conclusion and the type of material that you are developing at the moment which fits within the spirit or framework of a virtual international exchange type initiative.
Lewis:

Well this process started a couple of years ago with a Teaching Explorer that I did to see if there were institutions overseas that we could collaborate with. The Deakin University forensic science program was well established now within Australia got a good reputation here was time to think internationally and it was clear that there were a number of institutions overseas who were interested in collaborating with us but at the time we were thinking about ways of maybe doing this a little bit more differently being able to use things like virtual exchange particularly considering other institutions use WebCT. Unfortunately it appeared that other institutions particularly in the UK which is where we were concentrating on because that was a natural place to…weren't terribly interested in this sort of approach primarily because most of them still looked at online as being a repository of learning or teaching materials rather than using it in a more I suppose active sense also there was the financial issues it was a case of yes you can we'll exchange stuff with you but you have to buy ours that sort of thing. So that caused us a few problems however when we looked into it in more detail it has to be said that there was interest in exchanges as well but in real exchanges maybe not to surprisingly Australia is considered to be a really, really, really interesting destination for northern hemisphere students and so they weren't so much interested in virtual exchanges as in real exchange and those investigations are still ongoing. However one area that would appear that we do have potential for is not actually whole units but parts of our units actually unpacking some of the materials we have in our units and combining them together in different ways to provide different learning modules as it were for different people and a very good example of this is our pilot program which is in collaboration with the University of Hull. In the United Kingdom in the last few years there has been an explosion in forensic science courses some of them are of questionable quality it has to be said. Recognising this the forensic science society has tried to establish an accreditation process and some of the degrees they have degrees that are purely forensic science but also they have science degrees, chemistry degrees which have elements of forensic embedded within them and they're accrediting these two types of courses. Now the University of Hull has a well known well respected analytical chemistry degree it seemed obvious to them that they should incorporate maybe forensic modules as part of that and when they went for their accreditation or looked at the first draft of the accreditation the Forensic Science Society said well look it's terrific the science is first class everything is there that we want however you don't have significant legal components, you don't have a significant sort of case study component that we would like to see in any course that has forensic on its title. Now we've had close collaboration with Hull over a number of years in the research area and so they were reasonably familiar with the sorts of things we were teaching and we were involved in and they were interested in accessing some of the things that we do in our forensic course because we were a little bit unusual in that unlike many forensic courses instead of teaching all the law and the legal part of it as a single chunk generally towards the end of the course we actually teach our legal component all the way through the course so that the science is taught or the forensic science is taught in the context of the law and the law is taught in the context of the forensic science and they were very intrigued by that and interested in that and it happens that we have certain parts of that which can be taken from first year and from second year and from third year that can actually be drawn out and put together to form a separate learning entity on its own.

Now our legal studies are actually provided by a visiting Fellow the legal support is given supported by a visiting Fellow who actually resides in the UK travels to Australia once a year to teach the expert evidence part of our course and has helped in developing things like moot court and so on and while he was able to help the people at Hull directly with running their moot court he didn't have the time to be also able to give the lectures there as well so what we've done is we've videoed his lectures incorporating that with his PowerPoint slides and other notes in rich media teaching materials that will go on a CD rom using a package called StreamAuthor and this will be provided to the people at Hull, their students will use this so that essentially a virtually an exchange of the member of staff and he will then go to Hull just for the final part of it to help with the running of the mock trial which is one part of the assessment we will also because we already have worked through the mock trial for a number of years now we'll be providing them with those materials. Now materials we're providing of the expert evidence and the mock trial these come from different parts of our forensic degree but because of the way that we have structured the forensic degree we can actually unpack it as I said and put it together to form a new entity. We see there being real potential to continue to look at our courses and see in other ways in which we can unpack them in this way what I would like to see or foresee is the potential that some of our lectures on introduction to forensic science could be parcelled together with maybe lectures from ecology and environment on wildlife conservation then you have a essentially have a little module then essentially on wildlife forensics a very very interesting area at the moment. I'm sure there are other courses where you could think in the same way you could unpackage things and insert bits into other areas to think about possibly offering postgraduate diplomas and so on where these materials can be used from higher levels in our courses. It also has to be said that the potential is there as well for dealing with absences of staff and so on in the same way and we all realise that there are limited number of specialist staff particularly in niche areas in the university. These are niche areas that we can't afford just to stop if a member of staff is ill or has to be away at meetings or whatever rather than just cancel lectures we have maybe the potential to make use of this material in a different way.

Inter: So finally Simon with all these different initiatives going on do you have a sense of ideally how you would like to bring this together the digital media learning objects with the online environment I know you've spoken about a vision of creating an open integrated website which could be accessed by anybody around the world whether they be researchers or teachers or students in forensic science as a means of providing sort of international virtual community of teachers and learners. Is that still part of your vision for this that it can all come together down the track in that type of way?
Lewis: I would like to see that happen primarily because one of the biggest issues it seems to me is administrative the actual problems that oh well we have our semesters at certain times and people overseas have their semesters at certain times whatever learning objects we produce be they text based or video or audio we have to try and make them as independent of the learning management system as much as possible because we have to recognise that however good these things are they're only going to be here for a few years. I'm old enough surprisingly enough to remember how wonderful it was when Windows 3.1 turned up who uses a Windows 3.1 type environment these days that's only a relatively short time ago yet we can still use textbooks from 20 or 30 years ago so we have to we have to build maybe some long term have a long term view and maybe a sort of open architecture will also enable us to have teachers, high school students, university students, university academics and members of the general public interacting in an environment that will have certain aspects of it that will be closed so that only certain people can use them, it will be a network people like the word virtual it's a virtual network no it's not actually a virtual network it's a very real network, it's a network and that's how you and I and everybody else in academic circles works anyway, let's get people used to doing that anyway, it's a bit maybe grandiose and may not happen but I don't think it's unreasonable to try and work towards that. The web is here to stay, it's not going to go away. It would be useful to make use of it.
 
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