Deakin University collects research outputs of many different types. The list of definitions below have evolved over the years of the HERDC process.
A definition of the research output categories for the current HERDC round can be found at the DIISR website. Specifically, PART C, §9.3 of the 2011 HERDC specifications.
For the purposes of this report, the OECD definition of Research and Experimental Development (R&D) was used:
Research and experimental development comprises creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man (sic), culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
Any activity classified as research and experimental development is characterised by originality; it should have investigation as a primary objective and should have the potential to produce results that are sufficiently general for humanity's stock of knowledge (theoretical and/or practical) to be recognisably increased. Most higher education research work would qualify as research and experimental development.
A1. Authored Research Book
(Note: A1.1 - not included in Deakin's HERDC collection)
To have been included in this category the publication must have met all of the following requirements:
Includes:
Excludes:
This category also refers to books written solely by the author(s). The publication must be a substantial work of scholarship, bound and offered for sale.
Includes:
Excludes:
This refers to a book in category A1 or A2 that has been previously published, which has been brought up-to-date by the substantial addition or alteration of material.
Excludes:
This refers to a substantial body of research published as a monograph, which contains several substantial chapters and contains original thematic ideas. Length should approximate over one hundred pages. The category includes books published privately e.g. by the Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
This refers to a body of research published as a monograph, which contains several substantial chapters. Length would approximate less than 100 pages (although length in itself is not grounds for exclusion). Includes books published privately e.g. by the Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
A6. Research Report / Working Paper / Technical Paper
A monograph, which is published as a separate entity, but contains no more material than would be comprised in a large journal article. Typically includes internal working papers / restricted access papers, or written technical reports that are either contract research or consultant reports. Includes books published privately e.g. by the Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
Refers to books which must be edited books, monographs or short series of volumes consisting of contributions from a number of authors.
This excludes editorship of journals (excluded completely).
This refers to books that do not meet any of the above definitions.
B1. Book Chapter
(Note: B1.1 - not included in Deakin's HERDC collection)
This category refers to a contribution, consisting substantially of new material, or to an edited compilation in which the material was subject to editorial scrutiny.
Includes:
Excludes:
B2. Book Chapter in non-commercially published book
A book chapter that meets all of the criteria for B1 except that it is published privately, by a university Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
BN. Other Book ChapterThis refers to book chapters that were published in books outside the definition of authored research book as contained in A1 and A2, or do not meet the B1 or B2 definition.
C1. Refereed article in a scholarly journal
(Note: C1.1 - not included in Deakin's HERDC collection)
Includes:
Excludes:
C2. Other Contribution to Refereed Journal
This refers to review articles or commentaries which may not be subject to a formal process of peer review, or to short contributions that are refereed.
C3. Non-refereed articles in a professional journal
This refers to non-refereed works of scholarship published in a professional or scholarly journal controlled by an editorial board. All C3 journals have an ISSN (otherwise M).
Includes:
Excludes:
This refers to non-refereed communications (including editorial commentary) which were published in a journal controlled by an editorial board.
Includes:
Excludes:
This includes journal articles that do not meet any of the above definitions.
This category refers to contributions to reference works, including encyclopaedias provided they are more than 4,000 words in length.
Excludes:
This category refers to dictionary or encyclopaedia entries less than 4000 words in length, i.e. minor entries or small reviews in reference works.
E1. Full written conference paper - refereed
(Note: E1.1 - not included in Deakin's HERDC collection)
This category refers to full written versions of conference papers which are published. The papers may appear in a number of different formats, eg. a volume of proceedings, a special edition of a journal, a normal issue of a journal, a book or a monograph, CD-ROM or conference or organisational web site. Papers must be peer reviewed and presented at conferences, workshops or seminars of national and international significance .
As meetings called "workshops" or "seminars" generally have lower status than meetings called "conferences", universities must be able to demonstrate clearly that they have national or international significance and include the evidence with the verification materials, as for any conference.
Includes:
Excludes:
E2. Full written paper - non-refereed / Abstract reviewed
This refers to written versions of conference presentations, subsequently published, which were not subject to peer review but were subject to formal assessment by an editorial board, or where only the abstracts were put through a formal process of review.
This refers to abstracts, extracts, extended abstracts and synopses of conference papers that are subsequently published.
E4. Edited volume of conference proceedings
This refers to edited volumes of conference proceedings in which one or more members of institutional staff are identified as having editorial responsibility for the proceedings.
This refers to conference papers where none of the above categories are met.
This refers to substantial and scholarly works presented in audio-visual form and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial publisher or distributor: the works should cover the presentation of research findings and factual information. Examples include an ethnographic film, or an audio-visual presentation of dynamic research output; eg. fluid mechanics, robotics, visual motion, new surgery techniques, conference presentations, a guide to collected sound recordings
Excludes:
This refers to innovative software products of commercial quality either offered for sale or distributed as shareware through a recognised publisher or distributor.
This refers to major works in design disciplines such as architecture, creative arts and engineering. To be counted in this category a design work must have been recognised via a publicly understood refereeing process, which is conducted by an independent review panel formed from qualified peers in the design discipline who are recognised as such by their national or international professional association.
To have been included in this category, the design must have met one of the following requirements:
(a) The major design award offered by national or international organisations in the field, eg. the Royal Australian Institute of Architects. The award must be of at least national standard, with entries welcomed from throughout Australia.
OR
(b) Curated exhibitions of original design by an individual designer exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These must be accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual designs and the timing and location of the exhibition. The exhibition must be advertised in the industry press or professional journals. The exhibiting gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation. Exhibiting galleries and museums that have satisfied the requirements that they are an independent public or commercial organisation will be listed on the Register.
For awards - includes:
For awards - excludes:
This category refers to Major Written or Recorded Original Creative Works that are publicly and commercially distributed or to Curated Individual Exhibitions of Original Art.
To have been included in this category, the creative work must have met one of the following requirements:
(a) substantial creative or scholarly works which are
A recognised commercial press or publisher is an entity for which the core business is producing books and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
To be recorded for commercial distribution the recording can be in any media such as CD, video, world wide web etc, but must be commercially distributed by an entity whose core business is producing creative recordings and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
OR(b) curated exhibitions of substantial collections of original works by an individual artist exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These must be accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual works and the timing and location of the exhibition. The exhibition must be advertised in the arts or local press, or in professional journals. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation.
Includes:
Excludes:
J1. Major Original Creative Works
This category refers to Major Written or Recorded Original Creative Works that are publicly and commercially distributed or to Curated Individual Exhibitions of Original Art
To have been included in this category, the creative work must have met one of the following requirements:
a) substantial creative or scholarly works which are
A recognised commercial press or publisher is an entity for which the core business is producing books and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
To be recorded for commercial distribution the recording can be in any media such as CD, video, world wide web etc, but must be commercially distributed by an entity whose core business is producing creative recordings and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
OR(b) curated exhibitions of substantial collections of original works by an individual artist exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These must be accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual works and the timing and location of the exhibition. The exhibition must be advertised in the arts or local press, or in professional journals. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation.
Includes:
Excludes:
J2. Minor Original Creative Works
Minor Written Work - Authored
This refers to relatively brief or small scale creative or scholarly works bound separately or as part of a larger work and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher.
Includes:
Excludes:
Individual exhibition of original art at a minor Gallery
ORRepresentation of original art
This refers to one or more original works by an individual artist exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These works should be individually listed in a published catalogue identifying the timing and location of the exhibition. The gallery or museum should be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation and be managed as a full time operation.
| Representation of original art | |
| Nature of the work |
the representation of one major or more original art works:
|
| Form of publication | work exhibited in a public museum or gallery of regional, national or international standing; exhibited in recognised exhibition spaces |
| Authorship | undertaken solely by the artist(s)/designer(s) |
| Originality of work | consisting mainly of work previously not exhibited |
| Contribution to the discipline | making a substantial contribution to a defined area of knowledge |
| Level of work | reflecting up to one year of sustained work; in most cased the author's major publication for the year |
Minor Concert Performances or written script
This includes concert performances in small theatres which are isolated. The researcher must have contributed to the script and the production.
| Minor Performances | Minor Written Script | |
| Nature of the work | a single performance, at least 15 min. duration by a leading performer (actor, musician, dancer) or a director, choreographer, designer or conductor - performance being peer reviewed and appropriately documented | a substantial creative work such as a play of at least 15 minutes duration, peer reviewed and appropriately documented |
| Form of publication | refereed interpretive works may be recorded on a CD and/or video for commercial distribution or performed in a public venue for the first time | separately bound and offered for sale under imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher; recorded on CD and/or video for commercial distribution, or performed for the first time |
| Level of work | up to one year of sustained work | |
Minor Dance Performance
These embody the principles of research performance as outlined for category J6, and exclude street performances.
| Minor Dance Performance | |
| Nature of the work | an original choreographic work of at least 15 min. duration, using at least 8 dancers (where the number of dancers/performers is less than that stated, the ability to demonstrate the complexity of the work (criterion 1) will be critical, or a collection of original choreographic works totalling at least 15 min. with at least 8 dancers, or a single performance of at least 15 min., or a collection of performance works of at least 15 min. |
| Form of publication | presented in a venue of wide public prominence recorded on appropriate media such as film, video, CD-ROM or via notation for commercial distribution |
| Level of work | reflecting up to one year of sustained work |
This refers to individual poems as a part of a collection of works.
JC1. Curated Exhibition or Event – Web-based exhibition (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JC2. Curated Exhibition or Event – Exhibition/Event (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JC3. Curated Exhibition or Event – Festival (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JC4. Curated Exhibition or Event – Other (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JL1. Live Performance of Creative Works – Music (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JL2. Live Performance of Creative Works – Play (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JL3. Live Performance of Creative Works – Dance (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JL4. Live Performance of Creative Works – Other (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JO1. Original Creative Works – Visual Art Work (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JO2. Original Creative Works – Design/Architectural work (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JO3. Original Creative Works – Textual work (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JO4. Original Creative Works – Other (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JR1. Recorded/Rendered Creative Works – Film/Video (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JR2. Recorded/Rendered Creative Works – Performance (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JR3. Recorded/Rendered Creative Works – Inter-arts (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JR4. Recorded/Rendered Creative Works – Digital creative work (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JR5. Recorded/Rendered Creative Works – Website/Web exhibition (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
JR6. Recorded/Rendered Creative Works – Other (ERA use)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
L1. Full refereed written paper-distributed
This refers to full written peer reviewed versions of conference papers that are unpublished.
Includes:
L2. Full written non-refereed or abstract reviewed paper - distributed
This refers to written but unpublished versions of conference presentations which were not subject to peer review or formal assessment by an editorial board, or where only the abstracts were put through a formal process of review.
Includes:
L3. Extract of paper - distributed
This refers to unpublished abstracts, extracts or synopses of conference papers.
Includes:
L4. Edited volume of conference proceedings - distributed
This refers to edited volumes of conference proceedings in which one or more members of institutional staff are identified as having editorial responsibility for the proceedings.
Includes:
This includes research-related materials such as newspaper or magazine articles, media interviews, internal newsletters and the like.
S. Principal Supervisor Of Higher Degree By Research Completion
This refers to a Deakin Univeristy staff member appointed to have primary responsibility for the supervision of the candidate.
T. Research Income - National Competitive Grant
This refers to grants allocated through national competitive granting schemes. Includes Australian Research Schemes (ARC Large Grants, ARC Small Grants, ARC Fellowships, ARC Collaborative Grants), National Health & Medical Research Council Schemes (NHMRC Fellowships, NHMRC Project Grants, CARG Grants), and Industry Development Corporation Schemes (GRDC, RIRDC etc). Grants in which income was received over multiple years were listed as such.
U. Research Income - Other Public Sector Funding
This refers to any other research funding received from the Commonwealth not listed under National Competitive Research Grants (T). Includes research funding from Commonwealth Government Business Enterprises; and competitive and non-competitive research funding (including contract research) from both State and Local Governments. Includes research funding from State Government Business Enterprises. Grants in which income was received over multiple years were listed as such.
V. Research Income - Industry And Other Funding
This refers to contract research provided by industry or other non-Government agencies including industry collaborative research grants, grants for research from other than Government, donations and bequests for research from business, non-profit organisations, and individuals; and income received from Syndicated Research & Development arrangements.
Contract research covers research projects carried out with identified aims and objectives. Grants in which income was received over multiple years were listed as such.
V.1 Research Income - Australian
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
V.2 Research Income - International A (Competitive, Peer-Reviewed Research Grant Income)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
V.3 Research Income - International B (Other Income)
As per ERA 2010 guidelines.
W. Research Income - Funding From Deakin Central Research Funds
This refers to grants allocated under Deakin University central research grant schemes.
X. Research Income - Research Infrastructure
This refers to successful research infrastructure grants awarded to the institution and coordinated by the researcher, e.g. Australian Research Council Research Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities Grants (RIEF).
Z. Other Significant Achievements
This refers to other significant achievements outside the scope of research output, such as significant awards, invitations, etc.
Additional categories used prior to 2000 (now included in the J1 and J2 categories)
J4. Individual Exhibition of Original Art
This refers to a substantial collection (J4) of original works by an individual artist, exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. The exhibition must have been accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual works and the timing and location of the exhibition. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation and be managed as a full time operation.
J5. Representation of Original Art
This refers to up to three original works by an individual artist which were exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These works should have been individually listed in a published catalogue identifying the timing and location of the exhibition. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation.
J6. Major Concert Performances or written script
This includes major concert and theatre productions and excluded street theatre performances. Work must have been presented in a widely accessible, professional form of documentation (e.g. a published program) identifying
The work must have been undertaken by an artist with a recognised body of work.
Performance as research (as compared with other kinds of university-based theatre performancee.g. professional practice or teaching) occurs when a production becomes an intervention in an established scholarly debate, dialogue or discourse, or when it initiates or seeks to initiate such a debate. Any performance-as-research project must make explicit its relationship with that debate, and communicate the ways in which the terms of the debate have been changed by the research project.
Creative Works in Theatre demonstrate innovation by contributing to the development of theatre through exploration of new content, new processes, forms or audiences.
Written Works refers to substantial works, such as playscripts, separately bound and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher, or recorded (on CD, video etc.) for commercial distribution, or performed for the first time in a recognised public venue or on the electronic ], peer reviewed and appropriately documented and archived. Documentation must include a published program identifying the author and the timing and location of the performance. In the case of a performance, documentation must include a fair copy of the final version of the script or equivalent used as the basis for that performance.
Refereed Performances refers to a single performance of significant duration by a leading performer (actor, musician, dancer) presented for the first time in a recognised public venue, or on the electronic media, demonstrating new knowledge, or substantial new insights into existing knowledge, and appropriately documented and archived. Documentation must include a published program identifying the performer and the timing and location of the performance.
J7. Minor Concert Performances or written script
This follows the nature of guidelines of Category J6, and includes concert performances in small theatres which are isolated. The researcher must have contributed to the script and the production.
J8. Major Dance Performance / J9. Minor Dance Performance
These embody the principles of research performance as outlined for category J6, and exclude street performances.