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Always check your unit assessment information to find which style you are required to use, as different disciplines and units use different referencing styles.

It is essential that you write in a referencing style that is clear and consistent, and act with academic integrity at all times.

Deakin guide to APA7 (PDF, 920.5 KB)

Last updated: 19 June 2024

Overview

For a quick guide to various other source types, see this APA list of reference examples:

https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-examples.pdf

Album or song

References

Album

  • You may provide a URL for an album or song if that location is the only means of retrieval.

Performer/Creator, Initials. (year). Album title [Album]. Publisher.

Bowie, D. (2016). Blackstar [Album]. Columbia.

Single song or track

Performer/Creator, Initials. (year). Song title [Song]. On Album title. Publishers.

Lamar, K. (2017). Humble [Song]. On Damn. Aftermath Entertainment; Interscope Records, Top Dawg Entertainment.

Artificial intelligence

When using generative artificial intelligence, you need to ensure that your final submitted assessment is your own work, creation, and analysis.

Where you have used generative AI in developing your assessment (for example, in the development of ideas, problem solving, data analysis, significant writing feedback) you should acknowledge your use of it.

It is also essential that you provide details about where and how you have used it.

  • First, read assessment instructions in your unit site or check with your Unit Chair whether you are allowed to use generative AI and how you are allowed to use it.
  • Understand the limitations and the risks.
  • Critically evaluate any output.
  • Document how you used the tool and acknowledge this in your final submission.

Your acknowledgement should include:

  • the name of the generative AI tool (you can also include the version, if known)
  • the month and year you accessed it
  • (where relevant) details of your prompts, the output, and precisely where in your assessment you have used generative AI. Discuss unit requirements with your Unit Chair.

This can go in an ‘Acknowledgements’ section and further details can be provided in an Appendix.

This paper was edited with the assistance of Name of generative AI tool (accessed Month Year). I have critically assessed and validated any generated feedback. The final version of the paper is my own creation.

I acknowledge the use of Name of generative AI tool (accessed Month Year) and Name of generative AI tool (accessed Month Year) in developing some of my ideas and writing for this assessment. All AI-generated output was critically reviewed. Examples of prompts, outputs and my responses are provided in Appendix B. The final content, conclusions and assertions in this paper are my own.

This assessment was completed with the assistance of Name of generative AI tool (accessed Month Year). With the permission of my Unit Chair, I have used these tools to develop the fictional case studies that provide the background for Section 2 of the assessment. See Appendix A for further details. All other writing and analysis in this assessment is my own.

Examples adapted from: Bozkurt, A. (2024). GenAI et al.: Cocreation, authorship, ownership, academic ethics and integrity in a time of generative AI. Open Praxis, 16(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.55982/ openpraxis.16.1.654

Can I cite generative AI?

In most cases, citing AI-generated content as a primary source of information for an assessment is not acceptable. You will need to discuss unit rules and requirements with your Unit Chair.

All sources of information for assessment need to be evaluated for credibility. Cite recommended journal articles, books, websites and other reliable and credible sources.

If you have concluded that generative AI is an appropriate source to cite for your task, then it needs to be cited appropriately.

In all cases, you must acknowledge the use of generative AI as outlined above. In addition, you can cite as follows.

When acknowledging or citing the use of generative AI, do not humanise the tool. ChatGPT does not “discuss”, “report”, or “allege” as a human author does. Instead, simply acknowledge your use of the tool, when you used it and details of how you used it.

The sample citation is based on an example from the APA style blog.

In-text citation
  • Provide details of the owner/publisher of the generative AI tool and the year of publication.
  • You can also provide a cross-reference to an appendix with further details of how you used generative AI.

(Publisher/Owner, Year; see Appendix)

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation of the left-brain right brain divide?” it was indicated in the ChatGPT-generated output that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).
References

Author/Owner of AI model. (Year). Name of AI model (Version) [Type or description of AI model]. URL

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (3.5, May 24 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Artwork

Note: the following advice is for citing artwork in an exhibition or in an online gallery.

To learn how to include and cite images in your work, see: Other > Figures and Tables.

When citing artwork in a gallery, museum or on a website, include the:

  • name of artist
  • year(s) the artwork was produced
  • medium of the artwork, e.g painting, sculpture, video, installation
  • details of the institution.

Artwork in a gallery

Artist. (year). Title of artwork [medium]. Gallery, Location.

Delacroix, E. (1826-27). Faust attempts to seduce Marguerite [Lithograph]. The Louvre, Paris, France.

Artwork on a gallery website

Artist. (year). Title of artwork [medium of original artwork]. Gallery, Location. URL

Bell, R. (2020). The truth hurts [Painting]. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/exhibition/indigenous-art-from-the-ngv-collection/

See also:

  • Other > Images
  • Other > Figures and Tables
  • Web and Video > Social Media

Brochure or pamphlet

  • Brochures, pamphlets, or flyers follow the same format as report references.
  • Include the description “[Brochure]” in square brackets after the title of the brochure.

In-text citation

Staying connected: A guide for parents on raising an adolescent daughter provides suggestions for helping a daughter deal with the challenges of adolescence (The American Psychological Association, 2017).

References


Online brochure

Author, Initials. (year). Title [Brochure]. URL

American Psychological Association. (2001). Staying connected: A guide for parents on raising an adolescent daughter [Brochure]. http://www.apa.org/pubs/info/brochures/staying-connected.pdf

Cedars-Sinai. (2015). Human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal cancer [Brochure]. https://www.cedars-sinai.org/content/dam/cedars-sinai/cancer/sub-clinical-areas/head-neck/documents/hpv-throat-cancer-brochure.pdf

Print brochure

Author, Initials. (year). Title [Brochure]. Publisher.

Quit Victoria (2011). Quit because you can [Brochure].

Conference paper

In-text citation

Duckworth et al. (2012) conclude that …

References

Published proceedings in a journal

Author, Initials. (year). Title of paper. Proceedings of Title of conference, country, vol(no), pages. DOI

Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

Paper presentation

Presenter(s). (year, date range of conference). Title [Type of presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL

Proudfoot, F. (2015, February 18–20). Understanding cultural differences at the frontline [Paper presentation]. Australasian Housing Researchers Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. http://ahrc2015.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Fiona%20Proudfoot.pdf

Course materials

You should always check with unit staff to determine if citing course materials, e.g. lecture notes, is appropriate and acceptable in your unit. Some units advise that it is not acceptable to cite from course materials.

  • Cite only if you have been given permission to do so by your Unit Chair or Lecturer.
  • If you have permission, provide enough detail for your marker to locate the source.
  • A direct URL to a Deakin unit site may be provided, as long as you know that your audience (your marker) has access.

In-text citation

… (Lecturer, Year).

References

Lecturer, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Title of course materials [Lecture notes from Unit Code]. Department of xxxx, Deakin University. URL of unit site

Database

Note that in most cases, you will not need to cite a database name, nor a database URL.

In most cases, if content has been sourced via a Library database (e.g. EBSCOhost, E-book Central), you do not cite the name or the database, nor do you provide the Library database search URL. You simply cite the publication details of that source (e.g. a journal article or an e-book) – not where you accessed it.

The reason for this is that the Library database is often only one of many available providers of that publication (for example, you might find a particular article on various databases at different Libraries or even bookstores). In addition, many databases require a login and these inaccessible URLs are not suitable to include in a reference list.

So, when do I cite a database?

  • You do cite a database when it is necessary for a reader to retrieve the cited work from unique database that is not available anywhere else. Only provide details of the database name and URL is if it is original, proprietary content that cannot be found elsewhere.
    For example, the Australian medicines handbook or works found in a University archive.
  • If you are not sure, please consult the Deakin Library or Study Support who will assist you in determining your source type and how it should be referenced.

Database not available to the public (requires login)

In-text citation

  • Cite the title if there is no listed author.

… (“Lemborexant”, 2022)

References

  • Look for the date last updated/reviewed, to find the year of publication of the entry (which may differ from the date provided for the whole database).
  • If the entry does not have a DOI, provide the “date of retrieval”, that is, the day you accessed the entry.
  • Provide only the homepage URL of the database.
  • Do not provide a Deakin Library search URL.

Title of entry. (year). In Name of database. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from Homepage URL.

Lemborexant. (2022). In Australian medicines handbook. Retrieved August 25, 2022, from https://amhonline.amh.net.au/

Database available to the public

  • If a database if open to the public, cite according to the source type (e.g. webpage or article) and provide all relevant details.
  • Do not provide a Deakin Library search URL.

Author, Initials. (year, Month Day). Title of entry/article. Name of database. DOI

Geretsegger M., Fusar-Poli L., Elefant C., Mössler K. A., Vitale G., & Gold C. (2022, May 9). Music therapy for autistic people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004381.pub4

Data sets

  • When you have retrieved data from publicly available archives, and have analysed data (secondary analysis), provide an in-text citation and a reference list entry with the archive name as author e.g. Australian Bureau of Statistics
  • If you are referring to data that has been published in a journal article, report, webpage etc., cite the source and author of the published work, rather than the data itself.
  • Use the bracketed description [Data set].

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

Figure and tables

You will need to consider the following when including a figure (e.g. image, illustration, graph or map) or a table in your work:

  • Above the figure/table, provide a Figure/Table number in bold.
  • Below the number, provide a figure/table Title in italics.
  • Provide the figure or table itself.
  • Below the figure/table, provide any relevant Notes. If the figure/table is not your own or you have adapted it from another source, you will need to provide a Copyright statement in these notes.
  • If the figure/table is not your own or you have adapted it from another source, you will also need to provide the source in your reference list.

For further advice on using Tables and Figures, and for further examples see this APA guide to figures and tables, or see Chapter 7 of the Publication Manual of the APA (7th ed).

Copying or adapting a figure/table from another source

In the “Note” below the figure/table, provide a Copyright statement about the source of the figure/table.

  • Begin the copyright statement with “From...” or “Adapted from...”
  • If a work is “creative commons”, “copyright-free” or “in the public domain”, you should still provide a statement. See below for further information on copyright and attribution.
  • Take note that the copyright year is sometimes different to the year of publication.

Example 1: Image from a journal article

In-text

See in the example below that the copyright statement includes the following information about the source of the image:

From “Title of article,” by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year, Journal Title, issue(number), p. x (DOI/URL). Copyright year by Publisher.

Figure 3

Mean Regression Slopes in Experiment 1

[insert image here]

Note. From “Large continuous perspective change with noncoplanar points enables accurate slant perception,” by X. M. Wang, M. Lind, & G. P. Bingham, 2018, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(10), p. 1513 (https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000553). Copyright 2018 by the American Psychological Association.

References

The source of the image (in this case, a journal article) would also require a corresponding reference list entry:

Wang, X. M., Lind, M., & Bingham, G. P. (2018). Large continuous perspective change with noncoplanar points enables accurate slant perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(10), 1508–1522. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000553

Example 2: Table adapted from a web document (with CC licence)

In-text

See in the example below that the copyright statement includes the following information about the source of the table:

Adapted from “Title of Web Document,” by Authors, year, p. x, (URL). Copyright year by Name of Copyright Holder (Creative Commons licence).

Table 1

Top enabling factor which would best enable investigators to achieve their scientific objectives without using animals.

[insert table here]

Note. Adapted from “Survey on the replacement, reduction and refinement of the use of animals for scientific purposes in Australia,” by National Health and Medical Research Council, 2018, p. 42 (https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/research-policy/ethics/animal-ethics/3rs). Copyright 2021 by the Australian Government (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

References

The source of the table (in this case, a web document) also requires a corresponding reference list entry:

National Health and Medical Research Council. (2018). Survey on the replacement, reduction and refinement of the use of animals for scientific purposes in Australia. Australian Government. https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/research-policy/ethics/animal-ethics/3rs

Example 3: Image in the public domain

In-text

For images in the public domain, provide the following in the copyright statement:

From Title of image, by Author, Year (URL). In the public domain.

Figure 7

2017 Poverty rate in the USA

[insert image here]

Note. From 2017 Poverty rate in the United States, by U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 (https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2018/comm/acs-poverty-map.html). In the public domain.

References

The source of the image (in this case, a webpage) would also require a corresponding reference list entry:

U.S. Census Bureau. (2017, September 13). 2017 Poverty rate in the United States. https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2018/comm/acs-poverty-map.html

Further advice on copyright

Some content will require copyright information when being reproduced or adapted in student work, while others may be “copyright-free”. Even when images are “in the public domain” or “creative commons”, it is still useful to include this information (see examples above).

If you plan to publish your work (not just submit it for assessment), you may need to seek copyright permission from the copyright owner.

For further information about copyright and student assessments, see the Copyright modules for students 3: Copyright for your studies.

See also these Deakin Library guides:

Image

Note: the following advice is for citing images only.

For advice on how to include images in your work, see Other > Figures and Tables.

Image from a website

Photographer. (year). Title of image [image medium]. Website. URL

House, C. (2022). Mckenzie Trahan, 23, holds her newborn daughter Ann in Adventist White Memorial Hospital in Boyle Heights [photograph]. The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/christina-house-los-angeles-times
  • If the photographer is not listed, provide the website or organization as the author.
  • If there is no image title, add a description or beginning of image caption in square brackets.
  • If the image is from a database, provide the date you accessed the image. Provide the URL of the image itself or the homepage URL of the database. Do not provide a library search URL.

Website. (year). Title [or description of image] [image medium]. Website, Organisation. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

MacDonald, M. (n.d.). Acacia synchonica seed pod [photo]. CSIRO Science Image. Retrieved May 30, 2023, from https://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/tag/trees/i/1520/acacia-synchronica-seed-pod/

Plants of the World Online. (2023). [“Flower of Hakea laurina”] [Photo]. POWO, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved June 4, 2023, from
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:704233-1

Photographer. (year). Title [medium]. Collection. Database name. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Adamson, J. (c.1894). Amelia [photo]. Adamson and Robertson Collection. JSTOR. Retrieved June 3, 2023, from
https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.31793632

See also:

  • Other > Artwork
  • Other > Figures and Tables
  • Web and Video > Social Media

Media release

  • The author is the organisation or media group that published the press release.
  • Include the description “[Press release]” in square brackets after the title.
  • Omit publisher name if same as the author.

Author, Initials. (year, month day). Title [Press release]. URL

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019, November 15). FDA approves first contact lens indicated to slow the progression of near-sightedness in children [Press release]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-contact-lens-indicated-slow-progression-nearsightedness-children

News article

In-text citation

Nader (2009) highlights the increasing incidence of mental health issues among children.

References

  • Provide the full date (year, month day)
  • Include page numbers from print newspapers
  • Italicise the title of the newspaper
  • If accessed via a Library database, do not include database name nor URL. Provide only the URL of the news site.

Author, Initial. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. URL

Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html

Stobbe, M. (2020, January 8). Cancer death rate in U.S. sees largest one-year drop ever. Chicago Tribune.

News website without daily or weekly edition

  • Cite the source as a webpage.

Author, Initial. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Website. URL

Woodyatt, A. (2019, September 10). Daytime naps once or twice a week may be linked to a healthy heart, researchers say. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/10/health/nap-heart-health-wellness-intl-scli/index.html

Open Education Resource

Open Education Resources (OERs) are educational materials available for free use and adaption under an open sharing licence (eg. Creative Commons) or are free from copyright restrictions (i.e. the public domain).

OERs can be textbooks, teaching and learning materials, images, videos, games, lesson plans, worksheets and assessments.

  • Cite OERs in the same way as webpages.
  • A date of retrieval can be included for sources that may be updated regularly.

Author, Initials. (Full date available). Title of webpage. Website. Retrieved Month Day, Year. URL

Seiferle-Valencia, M., & Darragh, J. (2021, October 16). Relationships: Parents and children debate activity. OER Commons. Retrieved August 15, 2022.  https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/87092

Remember: citing a source and providing an attribution for a source that you have reproduced in your own work are two different things.

Find out more about OERs, including how to attribute when reproducing an OER in your work.

Personal communication

In-text citation

Personal communications refer to material that cannot be retrieved by the readers, and can include letters, emails, personal interviews, telephone conversations, private Facebook messages or online chats not available to the public.

  • It is important to get the permission of the person referred to in your assignment.
  • It might be appropriate to indicate the role of the person.
  • Use the initials and surname of the speaker, and provide an exact date of the communication.

J. Robinson (personal communication, May 11, 2022) indicated...

...(L. Frazer, Manager, Heathville Community Centre, interview, June 4, 2022).

References

Personal communications are not included in the reference list.

Presentations

How do I cite information in a presentation?

If you need to cite a source of information in a presentation, include an in-text citation as you would in a paper, then provide a list of references in your final slide.

Do I need to cite images I am using in a presentation?

Images are not cited in the same way as a source of information is cited.

  • If you include an image copied from a published work (webpage, article) or a copyright-free image, you can follow the advice and examples in the topic Other Sources > Figures and Tables.
  • However, be aware that the rules for citing images in presentations are not always as rigid as they are for citing sources of information. For example, the following may be acceptable, e.g. “Source: URL”. If you are uncertain about assessment requirements, contact your Unit Chair.
  • You do not need to cite images where you own the copyright.

Do I need to cite design tools or templates I have used?

Some presentation tools, such as Canva or PowerPoint, provide design and/or content suggestions.

  • Regarding content, never use AI-generated content suggestions as a primary source in an assessment.
  • If using templates or design suggestions only, it is unlikely you would need to acknowledge their use – unless you are being assessed on design.
  • If you are unsure, ask your Unit Chair about assessment requirements.
  • Learn more about how to use and acknowledge genAI.

Report

In-text citation

Sydney Water (2013) states…

References

Format corporate, government, research or technical reports as you would books or web documents, with the addition of a report number (if available).

  • A description of the report may also be given if the report’s title does not adequately describe the document.
  • If provided, include a report number as well as the publisher.
  • If the author and the publisher are the same, omit the publisher

Author, Initials. (year). Title of work (Report No. xxx). Publisher. URL

Individual authors within organisations or government

  • Include the organisation responsible for the report as the publisher.

Baral, P., Larsen, M., & Archer, M. (2019). Does money grow on trees? Restoration financing in Southeast Asia. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/does-money-grow-on-trees-restoring-financing-in-southeast-asia/

Stuster, J., Adolf, J., Byrne, V., & Greene, M. (2018). Human exploration of Mars: Preliminary lists of crew tasks (Report No. NASA/CR-2018-220043). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20190001401.pdf

Report by organisations / governments

  • The organisation or working group responsible for the report appears as the author. The names of parent agencies appear in the source element as the publisher.
  • See also: Government and Legal > Government Publications

National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf

Company annual report

Sydney Water. (2013). Sydney Water annual report 2013 (Report No. SW 103 10/13). http://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/
publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu1/~edisp/dd_055996.pdf

Research participants

  • When quoting research participants, follow the guidelines for quoting in this guide.
  • As this content forms part of your own research, do not include an entry in the References. State within the text that the quotations have come from research participants.
  • See APA Explained > In-text citations and Other > Personal Communications

Standards

If a standard number is not available, provide alternative identifying information including editions or volume numbers

In-text citation

Standards Australia (2008, p. iv) recommends "the adoption of a quality management system should be a strategic decision by the organization."

The holding temperature of milk must not exceed 4 degrees C after the cooling process, according to the current Australian Standard for Farm milk cooling and storing systems (Standards Australia, 1996, p. 6).

References

Standards Body. (Year). Title of standard (Standard number). URL

Standards Australia. (1996). Farm milk cooling and storage systems (AS 1187-1996). http://www.intertekinform.com

Australian College of Perioperative Nurses Ltd (ACORN). (2018). Standards for Perioperative Nursing in Australia (15). https://www.acorn.org.au/standards

Thesis

  • If the thesis is unpublished, provide the description “[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]” or “[Unpublished master’s thesis]” in square brackets, followed by the name of the institution.
  • If the thesis is published, include the name of the awarding institution within the square brackets.
  • You may include the name of a database/archive if this is the only place it is available, or else the URL. See Other > Database

In-text citation

Harris (2014) demonstrates …

References

Unpublished

Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

Published

Kabir, J. M. (2016). Factors influencing customer satisfaction at a fast food hamburger chain: The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Publication No. 10169573) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Miranda, C. (2019). Exploring the lived experiences of foster youth who obtained graduate level degrees: Self-efficacy, resilience, and the impact on identity development (Publication No. 27542827) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. PQDT Open. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2309521814.html?FMT=AI

Transcript

In-text citation

...(Seega & Swan, 2014).

References

Use this format for transcripts of audio or video files (podcasts, interviews, speeches). Note that files that are not retrievable by the general public (e.g. interviews and speeches that have not been published or are published on private or closed-group channels) should be cited as personal communication.

  • You may begin the citation with the details of a producer, interviewee or speech giver.
  • Provide the medium, e.g. [Interview transcript], [Audio Podcast transcript], [Speech transcript] etc.

Seega B. (Producer). (2014, May 5). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis [Audio podcast transcript]. In The Health Report. ABC Radio National. http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-for-psychosis/5430430

Cornish, A. (Host). (2017, May 17). This simple puzzle test sealed the fate of immigrants at Ellis Island [Audio podcast transcript]. In All things considered. NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=528813842

Another option for interviews is to begin the citation with the interviewee’s name and provide the interviewer’s name after the title.

Interviewee, Initials. (year, month day). Title of work (Initials. Interviewer, interviewer) [Interview transcript]. In Podcast/Website. URL

McWilliams, N. (2013, November 7). A psychodynamic understanding of personality structure (D. Van Nuys, interviewer) [Interview transcript]. In Shrink Rap Radio. http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/376.pdf

Translated work

In-text citation

  • Include both the date of the original work and the date of translation
  • Separate the years with a slash, including the earlier year first

Piaget (1970/1972) observed that intellectual evolution of...

References

  • Follow the formatting for the source type. In addition, include the translator details and the year the translated work was published.
  • Include the date of the original work in parentheses at the end of the reference list entry.

Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood (J. Bliss & H. Furth, Trans.). Human development, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000271225 (original work published 1970)
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